發布(bu)時間(jian)：2022/09/13發布人：
論述了柔性(xing)石墨復(fu)合增(zeng)強墊片的基本(ben)結構、冶金管道系統的應用和性(xing)能(neng)特點。研究表明柔性(xing)石墨復(fu)合增(zeng)強墊片具(ju)有良好的壓(ya)縮回彈(dan)性(xing)能(neng)、密封性(xing)能(neng)和耐熱性(xing)能(neng)，適(shi)合石油(you)、化(hua)工(gong)、金屬(shu)冶煉等高溫高壓(ya)行業使用。
柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石墨復(fu)合增強(qiang)墊片(pian)結合了金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)密封材(cai)料(liao)和非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)密封材(cai)料(liao)的雙重(zhong)優(you)點(dian)，多(duo)槽形的構(gou)造使其具有良好(hao)的可(ke)壓(ya)縮性(xing)(xing)、回彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)的密封性(xing)(xing)。目前國內各地生產廠家眾多(duo)，但由于制造上的差(cha)異和材(cai)料(liao)使用上的不同，造成質量參差(cha)不齊。因此進行(xing)柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石墨復(fu)合增強(qiang)墊片(pian)進行(xing)常(chang)溫壓(ya)縮回彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)能的試驗研(yan)究是很有必要的，這(zhe)對進一步改良柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石墨復(fu)合增強(qiang)墊片(pian)的密封機制、性(xing)(xing)能、制造和使用也很有意(yi)義。
1.基本結構
柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復合增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)是(shi)以金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)材料為(wei)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)，在(zai)(zai)其上(shang)、下表(biao)面(mian)(mian)開有(you)相互錯開的(de)(de)特殊(shu)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)同心(xin)圓溝(gou)槽（金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)波(bo)齒(chi)環），以金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)波(bo)齒(chi)環為(wei)基體，在(zai)(zai)其上(shang)、下表(biao)面(mian)(mian)復合上(shang)一層(ceng)適當厚度(du)的(de)(de)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)材料而構(gou)成的(de)(de)組(zu)合式墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復合增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)壓力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，法(fa)蘭(lan)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)將石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)材料壓入溝(gou)槽，金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)上(shang)下表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)環形(xing)齒(chi)峰與法(fa)蘭(lan)緊密(mi)(mi)接觸。當法(fa)蘭(lan)被(bei)進一步(bu)壓緊時(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)產(chan)生彈性(xing)(xing)變形(xing)，并(bing)使(shi)(shi)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)受到壓縮，被(bei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉(bi)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)與法(fa)蘭(lan)面(mian)(mian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)形(xing)成的(de)(de)環形(xing)密(mi)(mi)閉(bi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)里(li)，這樣，整個復合墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)就(jiu)產(chan)生了多道(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)線密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)和柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)雙重密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，從而實現(xian)對(dui)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。這種特殊(shu)構(gou)造的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)是(shi)一個彈性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件，使(shi)(shi)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復合增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)了彈性(xing)(xing)。柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復合增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)由于其特殊(shu)的(de)(de)結構(gou)具(ju)(ju)有(you)更好的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和壓縮性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。另外柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)熔點高(gao)、自潤性(xing)(xing)好、膨脹(zhang)系數大(da)，而且骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)制作(zuo)，柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)和金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)復合后，墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)兼具(ju)(ju)有(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)和非金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)的(de)(de)特點，構(gou)成多層(ceng)復合密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)，因此(ci)具(ju)(ju)有(you)優異的(de)(de)耐高(gao)、低(di)溫和耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，易(yi)于適應溫度(du)和壓力的(de)(de)波(bo)動及耐介質(zhi)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)，保證密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)安全可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。
2.性能試驗
在一定(ding)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)下(xia)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)和卸(xie)載(zai)(zai)(zai)時的(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)是柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)復合(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)重要指標(biao)，壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)表示墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)承載(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)力，回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)表示墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈能(neng)力，柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)復合(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈性(xing)能(neng)對墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)密封性(xing)能(neng)有(you)很大的(de)影響，主要體現(xian)在墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)對載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)波動情(qing)況下(xia)的(de)補償適應(ying)能(neng)力，因此就要求墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)既要具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)，更要保證有(you)一定(ding)的(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)。柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)復合(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)主要由石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)層來提供，回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)則由墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)金屬骨架的(de)結構來保證。試(shi)驗用柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)復合(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)為(wei)PN1.6、DN80規(gui)格(ge)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，試(shi)驗采用全(quan)自(zi)動剛(gang)性(xing)試(shi)驗裝置，進行(xing)常溫下(xia)的(de)力學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)和密封性(xing)能(neng)的(de)試(shi)驗研(yan)究，壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)、回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)測試(shi)按(an)(an)JB/T6288-1993《柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)復合(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)》中(zhong)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)，試(shi)驗載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)為(wei)34.5MPa.墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)和回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)分別按(an)(an)照(zhao)GB/T12622-2008《管法蘭用墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)和回(hui)(hui)(hui)彈率(lv)試(shi)驗方法》中(zhong)公式（1）和公式（2）進行(xing)計算。
